Organization structure
Independent Laboratory of Grasses and Legumes
Professor Sławomir Prończuk, D.Sc.
phone: (+48 22) 725 45 37 or (+48 22) 725 31 11 ext. 354
e-mail: s.pronczuk@ihar.edu.pl
|
Staff |
|
Maria Prończuk, D.Sc.
Zbigniew Bodzon, Ph.D.
Elżbieta Kochańska -Czembor, Ph.D.
Danuta Martyniak, Ph.D. |
Objectives:
evaluation of functional traits and variability of turf grasses and leguminous species,
improvement of breeding methodology for turf quality and seed yield potential,
studies on grass diseases – incidence and implications for turf quality and seed production,
response of turf grasses to abiotic stresses (shade, drought) and development of evaluation methods for stress resistance,
studies on alfalfa mutants, their agronomic traits suitability for breeding purposes with emphasis on seed yield improvement.
Species examined: Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Festuca pratensis, Poa pratensis, Poa nemoralis, Poa supina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Koeleria macrantha, Miscanthus x gigantheus, Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense
The main research programs:
- Breeding methodology of turfgrasses.
- Turf characters: installation, general aesthetic aspect, soot density, colour, slow re-grow, leaf fineness, winter greenness, over-wintering, common diseases.
- Tolerance to shade.
- Evaluation of cultivars variability.
- Seed production, relation between plant characters. - Species: Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, Deschampsia caespitosa, Poa supina, Festuca arundinacea.
|
|
|
|
Field lawn trials at Radzików. |
Experimental design with plexiglas light filters (artificial shade). |
Selected publications:
- Prończuk S. 1993. Evaluation system for turfgrasses . Biul. IHAR. 186: 127-132.
- Prończuk S., Żurek G., Żyłka D., Prończuk M. 2001. Performance of tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitose L.) in turf mixtures under different system of maintenance. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Rol. 474: 113-121.
- Prończuk S., Prończuk M., Żyłka D., Żebrowski J. 2001. Response of turfgrasses to shade conditions. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Rol. 474: 91-101.
- Prończuk S., Prończuk M. 2003. Variability of turf characters of Poa pratensis L. cultivars under medium intensive turf maintenance. Biul. IHAR. 225: 265-276.
- Prończuk S., Przydatek T., Ramenda S. 2003. Standard seed mixtures for turf. Hod. Rośl. Nas. 4: 37-40.
- Studies on grass pathogens and diseases
- Incidence of diseases and their causal agents in grasses grown for seed and for lawn under different turf maintenance: eco, relax, park and sport and under different shade conditions: natural and artificial.
- Evaluation of susceptibility of species and cultivars to diseases.
- Effect of diseases on seed yield and turf characters of cultivars.
|
|
|
|
Disease diagnose on turf trial. |
Conidial spores of Drechslera poae causal agent of melting out. |
Studies concentrate on main grass species used to mixtures in Poland: Lolium perenne L., Festuca rubra L., Poa pratensis L., and on new proposal for lawn: Deschampsia caespitosa P.B.
|
|
|
Differences in susceptibility of cultivars to yellow rust under turf maintenance. |
Selected publications:
- Prończuk M. 1996. Major diseases of turfgrasses in Poland. Biul IHAR 199:157-168.
- Prończuk M., Wiewióra B. 1999. Occurrence of ergot [Claviceps purpurea (Fr.)Tul.] in grasses seed. Biul. IHAR 212: 257-270
- Wiewióra B, Prończuk M. 2000. Micro-organisms colonizing seeds of grasses and their influence on turf diseases. Biul. IHAR 214: 269-284
- Prończuk M. 2000. Grass diseases - occurrence and harmfulness in seed production and turf maintenance. Monografie i rozprawy naukowe IHAR 4: 1-183
- Prończuk M. 2002.Stem rust (Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola Urban), its hosts and harmfulness in grasses grown for seeds. Acta Agrob. 55/ 1: 285-298.
- Prończuk M. 2002. Occurrence and harmfulness of grass diseases and intensity of turf maintenance. Przegląd Nauk. Inż. i Kształt. Środ. Rocz. IX z. 1(24): 218-227.
- Prończuk M., Prończuk S. 2003. Yellow rust - new infection treat of Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed and turf in Poland. Biul. IHAR. 225: 339-352.
- Prończuk M., Prończuk S. Zebrowski J. 2003. Response of Lolium perenne cultivars and ecotypes to artificial and natural shade conditions. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 39: 363-366.
- Evaluation of pathogenicity of Puccinia spp. on Lolium spp.
- Resistance of Lolium perenne for Puccinia spp. infection is evaluated. Common varieties are used as a differential set. Methods of selection under greenhouse and field conditions are developed. The effect of rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp. and chemical control on seed yield of Lolium perenne is investigated.
- Participation in „EUCARPIA multisite rust evaluation trial" (evaluation of 33 varieties of Lolium perenne and 19 varieties of Lolium multiflorum obtained from Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Zurich, The Netherlands.
|
|
|
|
Puccinia coronata Corda on Lolium perenne L. |
Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola on Lolium perenne L. |
Selected publications:
- Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2001. Preliminary observations on resistance of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland to rust diseases. J. Phytopathol. 149: 83-89.
- Czembor E. 2002. Selection of Kentucky bluegrass for Drechslera poae resistance under greenhouse conditions. J. Phytopathol. 150: 543-545.
- Czembor E. 2003. Resistance of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa Pratensis L.) ecotypes from Polish Gene Bank to melting out (Drechslera poae) under field conditions in 1998-2000. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50: 747-756
- Czembor E. 2003. Effect of propiconazole (Tilt 250 EC) and Drechslera poae on seed yield of Kentucky bluegrass. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 110(6): 560-567.
- Czembor E. 2004. Resistance of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes to melting out (Drechslera poae) under greenhouse conditions. Australasian J. Phytopathology
- Developing of technology grasses for seed production.
The aim of this work is to determine maximal and optimal sowing doses of grasses on the base of thousand-seed weight and number of plants on the unit area.
Investigations are focued on the following problems:
- optimal sowing dose depended on thousand-seed weight,
- proper number of plants on the unit area using extreme sowing doses (min, max),
- density of vegetative and generative shoots in relation to seed yield.
|
|
|
Seed production of Poa pratensis |
Selected publications:
- Żyłka D, Prończuk S. 1996. Effect of term and method of sowing on seed yield of perennial ryegrass. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 451: 270-286.
- Martyniak J, .Żyłka D. 199. Fluctuation of multiplication coefficient for wild forms and varieties of selected grass species. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 451:183-195.
- Żyłka D, Prończuk S. 2000. Relationship between
thousand seed weight and some morphological and biological properties of turf forms of Poa pratensis L. Łąkarstwo w Polsce 3: 193-198.
- Żyłka D, Prończuk S, Prończuk M. 2001. Comparison of tufty and strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. s.s.) sub-species in respect of their turf performance and seed production. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 474: 155-167.
- Martyniak J, Martyniak D. 2002. The importance of plant density for grasses cultivated for seeds (for example perennial ryegrass). Fragmenta Agronomica 2 (74) : 149-160.
- The investigation of inheritance and variability of characters, utilization of new, unique genetical resources and heterosis effects for improvement of the utility characters of herbage legumes.
In Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute the genetic investigations on alfalfa are conducted and new initial materials of red clover are selected.
The main subject of investigations is increasing of seed yield of alfalfa by utilization of unique genotypes selected in the Institute: lp - long inflorescence, tf - top inflorescence, pi - panicle inflorescence and lv - long viable inflorescence.
|
|
|
|
|
Top inflorescence of alfalfa |
Panicle inflorescence of alfalfa |
Long inflorescence of alfalfa |
Selected publications:
- Bodzon Z. 1998. Inheritance of spontaneous long peduncle mutation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Breed. and Seed Sci. 42 (1): 3-9.
- Staszewski Z., Bodzon Z. 1999. Inheritance of branch raceme inflorescence determined by a spontaneous mutation in Medicago sativa L. Proc. of the 22nd Eucarpia Fodder Crop and Amenity Grasses Section Meeting. St. Petersburg : 65 – 68.
- Staszewski Z., Bodzon Z., Staszewski L. 2001. Influence of some recessive genes on plant and inflorescence characteristics in alfalfa. Plant Breeding and Seed Sci. 44/ 2: 29-38.
- Staszewski Z., Bodzon Z. 2002. Usefulness of lp gene for improvement of seed yield potentials in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Biul. IHAR. 221: 167-173.
- Staszewski Z., Bodzon Z. 2003. The method of seed yield improvements of Medicago sativa L. Vorträge für Pflanzenzüchtung, H. 59: 183-185.
- Bodzon Z. 2004. Correlations and heritability of the characters determining the seed yield of the long raceme alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) J. App. Genet. 45 (1): 49-59.ativa L.) J. App. Genet. 45 (1): 49-59.
- Prebreeding of grasses for disease resistance and common maintenance value.
- Evaluation of prebreeding materials of Lolium perenne for higher disease resistance
The purpose of this project is evaluation resistance of Lolium perenne for Puccinia spp. infection. Disease resistance of breeding materials obtained from breeders are evaluated under field conditions with natural infection and after inoculation by Puccinia spp. Materials with higher resistance are used in new breeding programs.
|
|
|
|
Field experiment. |
Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola on Lolium perenne |
- The important problem of grass breeding is negative correlation between pasture value and seed yield. In result most, so it effects on seed production profitability. A broad view of total agricultural value has significant importance in practice of breeding and is a new tool for evaluation new genotypes. The aim of work is to examine of total agricultural (pasture) value and seed yield and also, synthetic evaluation of agriculture value new selected genotypes.
Selected publications:
- Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2002. Diversity of Polish ecotypes of Kentucky bluegrass in green mass production. In: “Broad Variation and Precise Characterization – Limitation for the Future” Święcicki W.K.,et al, (eds.), IGR, IPGRI, IHAR, Poznań, Poland : 307-309.
- Czembor E., Feuerstein U., Żurek G. 2002 Some characteristics of Kentucky bluegrass ecotypes from Poland. In “Broad Variation and Precise Characterisation – Limitation for the Future” Święcicki W.K., et al., (eds.), IGR, IPGRI, IHAR, Poznań, Poland, : 310 – 311.
- Żyłka D. 2001. An attempt to complex evaluation of usability and seeding value of lawn grass cultivars on an of Poa pratensis L. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 474: 103-112.
- Martyniak D, .Prończuk S 2003. Evaluation of cultivars and strains of chewings and strong creeping subspecies Festuca rubra L. with application of a synthetic index. Biul. IHAR, 225: 303-311.
- Promotion of knowledge about turfgrasses and about grasses for special areas.
|
